Citations, References, and Permissions

References, Permissions, and Citations

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References

This site was created using information from many different sources, four of which are encyclopedias or dictionaries. There are five books which were referenced many times. For the sake of space, these books are listed here with some abbreviations which will be used to reference these books in the future. If an author is listed for the encyclopedia articles, the author is listed before the article. The abbreviations follow with the publication information for the books.

ETC: Louis Berman and J.C. Evans., Exploring the Cosmos, Boston, Toronto: Little, Brown, and Company, 1980

DA: The Facts On File Dictionary of Astronomy, Editor: Valerie Illingworth, New York, NY: Facts On File, Inc., 1979

WB: The World Book Encyclopedia, Chicago, London, Sydney, Toronto: World Book, Inc., 1989

WBD: The World Book Dictionary, Editors: Clarence L. Barnhart, Robert K. Barnhart. Editor In Chief: Robert O. Zeleny. Chicago, London, Sydney, Toronto: William H. Nault, 1988

SAIE: Science and Invention Encyclopedia, New York, NY: H.S. Stuttman Co., Inc., 1977

The History of Astronomy

ETC pp: 6-9, 22, 24, 27, 29, 30, 34

WB:
Walter J. Burghardt: Roman Catholic Church;
Andrew C. Hess: Istanbul;
Erich S. Gruen: Rome, Ancient;
A. Mark Smith: Galileo;
Margaret C. Jacob: Newton, Sir Isaac;
Eugene F. Kranz: Space Travel;
William, J. Cromie: Gagarin;
Theodor H. E. Chen: Shepard, Alan Bartlett, Jr;
William J. Cromie: Astronaut;
William J. Cromie: Glenn, John Herschel, Jr

Dr. Mary Stanton and Albert Hyma. "Chapter 9, Chapter 16," Streams Of Civilizations Volume One, Arlington Heights, IL: Christian Liberty Press, 1992

Jim Schefter. "The Race to Space," Popular Science, (July 1999) pp. 62-66

Frank Vizard. "The Last Moonwalker," Popular Science, (July 1999) pp. 67-69

Henry M. Moris. "Queen of the Sciences," The Biblical Basis for Modern Science, Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Books, 1984, pp. 29

S. M. Houghton, Sketches From Church History, Carlisle, PA: The Banner of Truth Trust, 1980

DA: Relativity, Special Theory; Relativity, General Theory

Albert Einstein. Relativity, Translated by: Robert W. Lawson, New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1961

Roger D. Launius, NASA Chief Historian. "Project Apollo: A Retrospective Analysis," 5/4/1999 <http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Apollomon/Apollo.html>, 8/6/1999

Roger D. Launius, NASA Chief Historian. "Aeronautical and Astronautical Events of January-March 1961," 5/4/1999, <http://www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/Timeline/1961-1.html>, 8/6/1999

The Ancient Greeks

WB:
Ronald P. Legon: Greece, Ancient;
S. Marc Cohen: Pythagoras;
Ivan Soll: Plato;
Ivan Soll: Aristotle;
Philip S. Jones: Euclid;
Mary K. Corbitt, Geometry;
Peter P. Sakalowsky: Archimedes;
Philip S. Jones: Eratosthenes;
Edward Rosen: Hipparchus

ETC pp: 17, 22-24, 30

Ptolemy

WB: Edward Rosen: Ptolemy

ETC p. 4-26

Albert Van Helden. "Ptolemaic System," 4/23/1997, <http://es.rice.edu/ES/humsoc/Galileo//Things/ptolemaic_system.html>, 8/6/1999

Copernicus

ETC p. 27-29

DA: Copernicus

WB: A. Mark Smith: Copernicus

Kepler

ETC p. 29 - 31

WB:
A. Mark Smith: Kepler;
Charles W. Ingrao: Frederick II;
Raymond E. White: Brahe, Tycho

DA: Kepler’s laws

SAIE: Kepler

Galileo

WB:
A. Mark Smith: Galileo;
Gregory Benford: Falling Bodies, Law of

SAIE: Galileo

Newton

WB: Margaret C. Jacob: Newton, Sir Isaac;

SAIE: Newton, Sir Isaac; Newton's Laws

ETC. p. 34 - 41

DA: Newton’s laws of motion

Einstein

SAIE: Einstein, Albert; Newton; Relativity

WB:
Daniel J. Kevles: Einstein, Albert;
Richard L. Hilt: Ether;
Michelson, Albert Abraham;
William B. Case: Relativity;
Earl B. Brown: Light

Albert Einstein. Relativity, Translated by: Robert W. Lawson, New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1961

Orbits

DA: nodes; apsides; eccentricity; orbit; conic sections

WB: Lee J. Rickard: Orbit

SAIE: Orbit

Bill Arnett. "The Nine Planets Glossary," 7/6/1999, <http://seds.lpl.arizona.edu/nineplanets/nineplanets/help.html#direct>, 8/6/1999

The Earth, Sun, and Moon

DA: solstices; geoid; libration; evection; precession; Chandler wobble; Nutation; mean sun

WB:
Sue Ellen Hirschfeld: Earth;
Paul Gorenstein: Moon

NASA: "Solar System Exploration: Planets: Earth," <http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/features/planets/earth/earth.html>, 8/6/1999

George Kaplan. "The Seasons and the Earth's Orbit - Milankovitch Cycles," 11/20/1998, <http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/docs/seasons_orbit.html>, 8/6/1999

Coordinate Systems

ETC Appendix 3: Astronomical Coordinate Systems

DA: horizontal coordinate system; equatorial coordinate system

WB:
Judy M. Olson: Map;
Stephen S. Burdsall: Longitude;
Stephen S. Burdsall: Latitude

Time

WBD: apparent solar time; apparent noon; solar day; solar year; solar time; solar month; mean noon; mean time; sidereal time; sidereal

DA: tropical year; synodic month; sidereal time; sidereal year; sidereal period; atomic time; universal time

National Institute for Standards and Technology. "Glossary of Time and Frequency Terms," <http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/glossary.htm>, 8/6/1999

Roger E. Beehler and Michael A. Lombardi. "APPENDIX A: DATING OF EVENTS IN THE VICINITY OF LEAP SECONDS," NIST Special Publication 432, 1990, <http://www.boulder.nist.gov/timefreq/pubs/sp432/s_appa.htm>, 8/6/1999

USNO AA. "What is Universal Time?," 6/21/1999, <http://aa.usno.navy.mil/AA/faq/docs/UT.html>, 8/6/1999

Measurements

WB:
Daniel V. De Simone: Metric System;
Earl B. Brown: Light
Daniel V. De Simone: Weights and Measures

DA: astronomical unit

Elongation

DA: elongation; conjunction; opposition; quadrature; synodic period

Direct and Retrograde Motion

DA: direct motion

Phases

DA: phase; phases-lunar

Eclipses

DA: eclipse; umbra

Magnitudes

DA: magnitudes, luminosity

Solar System

DA: meteoroids, meteor, meteorite, comets, comet tail, coma, minor planets, major planets, giant planets, Pluto, terrestrial planets

Data Sheets

Source: Allen Astrophysical Quantities, 4th ed. (in press), Springer-New York,
Arthur Cox, ed. "Orbits and Physical Characteristics of the Planets," 2/26/1999, <http://sse.jpl.nasa.gov/features/planets/planet_profiles.html>, 8/12/1999

Bill Arnett. "Solar System Data," 7/31/1999, <http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/data.html>, 8/12/1999

Bill Arnett. "Physical Solar System Data," 7/31/1999, <http://www.seds.org/nineplanets/nineplanets/data1.html>, 8/12/1999

Dr. David R. Williams. "Sun Fact Sheet," 1/16/1998, <http://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/sunfact.html>, 8/12/1999

Earth

DA: magnetosphere

WB: Sue Ellen Hirschfeld: Earth

Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto, The Sun

Margaret Sedeen Ed. Our Universe, Washington D.C: National Geographic Society, 1986

Ronald G. Giovanelli. Secrets of the Sun. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984

WB:
Hyron Spinrad: Mercury;
Hyron Spinrad: Venus;
Hyron Spinrad: Mars;
Hyron Spinrad: Jupiter;
Hyron Spinrad: Saturn;
Hyron Spinrad: Uranus;
Hyron Spinrad: Neptune;
Hyron Spinrad: Pluto;
Robert W. Noyes: Sun;
Morton S. Roberts: Solar Wind

Stars

DA: black hole, white dwarf, pulsars, quasars, clusters, nova, supernova, star, red giant, variable star

Galaxies

DA: Galaxies

Nebulae

DA: nebula, emission nebula, planetary nebula, reflection nebula

Apollo Mission, Galileo Mission, Gemini Mission

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Various Pages:

Apollo Program:
"Space flight / Apollo 1" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo1_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 7" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo7_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 8" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo8_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 10" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo10_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 11" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo11_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 12" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo12_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 13" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo13_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 14" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo14_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 15" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo15_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 16" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo16_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo 17" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo17_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo program" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporo_e.html
"Space flight / Apollo Soyuz" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporosoyuzu_e.html

Galileo:
"Moon, Planet probes/Galileo" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Garireo_e.html

Gemini:
"Space flight / Gemini program" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 3" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini3_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 4" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini4_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 5" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini5_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 6-A" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini6-A_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 7" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini7_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 8" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini8_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 9-A" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini9-A_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 10" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini10_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 11" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini11_e.html
"Space flight / Gemini 12"http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Zyemini12_e.html

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Mariner Mission

Mark Wade. "Mariner," 6/10/1999, <http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/project/mariner.htm>, 8/8/1999

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Pages:
"Moon, Planet probes/Mariner" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marinah_1_2_5_10_e.html
"Moon, Planet probes/Mariner 10" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marinah_10_e.html
"Moon, Planet probes/Mariner" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marinah_3_9_e.html

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Mars Observer Mission

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Various Pages:
"Moon, Planet probes/ Mars Global Surveyor" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marzugurobarusarbeia_e.html
"Moon, Planet probes/ Mars Observer" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Mars_ofzarba_e.html
"Moon, Planet probes/ Mars Pathfinder" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marzupasufainda_e.html
"Moon, Planet probes/ Mars Surveyor 1998" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Marzusaveia98_e.html

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Pioneer Mission

Mark Wade's ENCYCLOPEDIA ASTRONAUTICA. 7/15/1999 Pages:
"Pioneer 0, 1, 2" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pioer012.htm
"Pioneer 3, 4" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pioeer34.htm
"Pioneer 5" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pioneer5.htm
"Pioneer 10, 11" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pior1011.htm
"Pioneer 12" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pioeer12.htm
"Pioneer 12" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/pioeer13.htm

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Page:
"Moon, Planet probes/Pioneer 5-9, E" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Paionia_5_9_e.html

Dr. Lawrence Lasher, "Pioneer Home Page," 6/22/1999, Pages:
"Pioneer Home Page: Describes the missions of Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, and Pioneers 6 through 9" http://spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space_Projects/pioneer/PNhome.html
"The Pioneer Missions" http://spaceprojects.arc.nasa.gov/Space_Projects/pioneer/PNhist.html

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Salyut

Mark Wade's ENCYCLOPEDIA ASTRONAUTICA. 7/15/1999 Page:
"Salyut" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/project/salyut.htm

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Page:
"Space station/Salyut 1~7" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Station/Station_E/Saryuto_E.html

Arnold E. van Beverhoudt, Jr. "Sandcastle V.I.: Space - Salyut/Mir Summary," 12/12/1997, <http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3098/salyut.htm>

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Peter Bond. Reaching for the Stars, London: Cassell Publishers Limited, 1997

Space Shuttle

Kenedy Space Center. 6/21/1999 Pages:
"Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (OV-102)" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/columbia.html
"STS-93" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-93/mission-sts-93.html
"Orbiter Vehicles" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/orbiters.html
"Shuttle Orbiter Columbia (OV-102)" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/columbia.html
"Shuttle Orbiter Discovery (OV-103)" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/discovery.html
"Shuttle Orbiter Atlantis (OV-104)" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/atlantis.html
"Shuttle Orbiter Endeavour (OV-105)" http://www.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/resources/orbiters/endeavour.html

Date of Visits: 8/8/1999

Skylab

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Pages:

"Space station/Skylab 1" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Station/Station_E/Sukairabu_1_E.html
"Space flight / Skylab program" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Skylab_e.html
"Space flight / Skylab II" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Skylab_2_e.html
"Space flight / Skylab III" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Skylab_3_e.html
"Space flight / Skylab IV" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Skylab_4_e.html

Soyuz

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Pages:
"Space flight / Apollo Soyuz" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Aporosoyuzu_e.html
"Space flight / Soyuz" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Soyuhzu_e.html

BBC News Article. "Mir Will Stay in Space," Title of Complete Work, 4/26/1996, <http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/sci/tech/newsid_328000/328770.stm>, 8/8/1999

Writers and Editors of the Associated Press, Manuscript by John Barbour. Footprints on the Moon, The Associated Press, 1969

Viking Mission

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Page:
"Moon, Planet probes/Viking 1~2" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Wakusei/Wakusei_E/Baikingu_e.html

Voskhod

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Page:
"Space flight / Voskhod" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/Db/Kaihatu/Hikou/Hikou_E/Vosuhohto_e.html

Mark Wade's ENCYCLOPEDIA ASTRONAUTICA. 7/15/1999 Pages:
"Voskhod 1" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/flights/voskhod1.htm
"Voskhod 3KD" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/craft/vosod3kd.htm
"Voskhod" http://solar.rtd.utk.edu/~mwade/project/voskhod.htm

Voyager

WB: Eugene F. Kranz: Space Travel

National Space Agency of Japan(NASDA). Page:
"Space Encyclopedia/Artificial satellites" http://spaceboy.nasda.go.jp/db/Kensaku_Html/Type21_e.html

Conic Sections

John H. Saxon, Jr. "Appendix 4," Advanced Mathematics. Norman, OK: Saxon Publishers, 1989

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